php、技术

sphinx+mysql+php做千万数据级别的搜索引擎

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Sphinx是出自俄罗斯的开源全文搜索引擎软件，单一索引最大可包含1亿条记录，在1千万条记录情况下的查询速度为0.x秒（毫秒级）。

Sphinx创建索引的速度为：创建100万条记录的索引只需3～4分钟，创建1000万条记录的索引可以在50分钟内完成，而只包含最新10万条记录的增量索引，重建一次只需几十秒。

Sphinx是什么

  • Sphinx Search 是由俄罗斯人Andrew Aksyonoff 开发的高性能全文搜索软件包，在GPL与商业协议双许可协议下发行。
  • Sphinx的特征：
    1. 支持高速建立索引（可达10MB/秒，而Lucene建立索引的速度是1.8MB/秒）
    2. 高性能搜索（在2-4 GB的文本上搜索，平均0.1秒内获得结果）
    3. 高扩展性（实测最高可对100GB的文本建立索引，单一索引可包含1亿条记录）
    4. 支持分布式检索
    5. 支持基于短语和基于统计的复合结果排序机制
    6. 支持任意数量的文件字段（数值属性或全文检索属性）
    7. 支持不同的搜索模式（“完全匹配”，“短语匹配”和“任一匹配”）
    8. 支持作为Mysql的存储引擎
  • Sphinx是不负责文本字段的存储。
    假设将数据库的id、date、title、body字段，用Sphinx建立搜索索引。根据关键字、时间、类别、范围等信息查询一下Sphinx，Sphinx只会将查询结果得到的ID号等非文本信息。如果要显示title、body等信息，我们还需要根据此ID号去查询MySQL数据库，或者从Memcachedb等其他的存储中取得。安装SphinxSE作为MySQL的存储引擎，将MySQL与Sphinx结合起来，是一种便捷的方法。

安装步骤（在这里我们采用的是sphinx 0.9.9经典版本的）

  1. 下载tar包，并进入sphinx目录：（下载链接） 
    $ tar xf sphinx-0.9.9.tar.gz
$ cd sphinx-0.9.9
  2. 安装python（以下针对CentOS系统，其他Linux系统请使用相应的方法安装） 
    $ yum install python
  3. 编译安装Sphinx 
    $ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/sphinx --with-mysql --with-python --enable-id64
$ make
$ make install
  4. 创建sphinx索引文件 
    $ mkdir -p /usr/local/sphinx/var/data/document
$ mkdir -p /dev/shm/sphinx/var/data/document

Sphinx配置

  1. 创建Sphinx配置文件
    缺省的配置文件名为 sphinx.conf. 全部的Sphinx提供的程序默认都在当前工作的目录下寻找该文件.
    由configure 程序生成的示例配置文件sphinx.conf.dist 中包括全部选项的注释，复制并编辑这个文件使之适用于你的具体情况： (请确认 Sphinx 安装在 /usr/local/sphinx/)

    $ cd /usr/local/sphinx/etc
$ cp sphinx.conf.dist sphinx.conf
$ vim sphinx.conf

    配置文档，采用的是一元分词

    source document
{
	type					= mysql

	sql_host				= 127.0.0.1
	sql_user				= root
	sql_pass				= 123456
	sql_db					= test
	sql_port				= 3306
	sql_query_pre 			        = SET NAMES UTF8
	sql_query				= SELECT id, title, content,update FROM t_doucment WHERE id>=$start AND id<=$end
	sql_query_range			        = SELECT MIN(id), MAX(id) FROM t_resources WHERE updated_at < UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE() - INTERVAL 1 DAY, '%Y-%m-%d 17:00:00')) sql_range_step = 1000 sql_attr_uint = updated_at sql_ranged_throttle = 0 sql_query_info = SELECT * FROM t_doucment WHERE id=$id } source document_delta : document { sql_query_range = SELECT MIN(id), MAX(id) FROM t_resources WHERE updated_at >= UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE() - INTERVAL 1 DAY, '%Y-%m-%d 17:00:00'))
}


index document
{
	source			= document
	path			= /usr/local/sphinx/var/data/document
	docinfo			= extern
	mlock			= 0
	stopwords		=
	min_prefix_len	        = 0
	min_infix_len	        = 0
	min_word_len	        = 1
	html_strip		= 1
	charset_type	        = utf-8
	charset_table           = U+FF10..U+FF19->0..9, 0..9, U+FF41..U+FF5A->a..z, U+FF21..U+FF3A->a..z,A..Z->a..z, a..z, U+0149, U+017F, U+0138, U+00DF, U+00FF, U+00C0..U+00D6->U+00E0..U+00F6,U+00E0..U+00F6, U+00D8..U+00DE->U+00F8..U+00FE, U+00F8..U+00FE, U+0100->U+0101, U+0101,U+0102->U+0103, U+0103, U+0104->U+0105, U+0105, U+0106->U+0107, U+0107, U+0108->U+0109,U+0109, U+010A->U+010B, U+010B, U+010C->U+010D, U+010D, U+010E->U+010F, U+010F,U+0110->U+0111, U+0111, U+0112->U+0113, U+0113, U+0114->U+0115, U+0115, U+0116->U+0117,U+0117, U+0118->U+0119, U+0119, U+011A->U+011B, U+011B, U+011C->U+011D, U+011D,U+011E->U+011F, U+011F, U+0130->U+0131, U+0131, U+0132->U+0133, U+0133, U+0134->U+0135,U+0135, U+0136->U+0137, U+0137, U+0139->U+013A, U+013A, U+013B->U+013C, U+013C,U+013D->U+013E, U+013E, U+013F->U+0140, U+0140, U+0141->U+0142, U+0142, U+0143->U+0144,U+0144, U+0145->U+0146, U+0146, U+0147->U+0148, U+0148, U+014A->U+014B, U+014B,U+014C->U+014D, U+014D, U+014E->U+014F, U+014F, U+0150->U+0151, U+0151, U+0152->U+0153,U+0153, U+0154->U+0155, U+0155, U+0156->U+0157, U+0157, U+0158->U+0159, U+0159,U+015A->U+015B, U+015B, U+015C->U+015D, U+015D, U+015E->U+015F, U+015F, U+0160->U+0161,U+0161, U+0162->U+0163, U+0163, U+0164->U+0165, U+0165, U+0166->U+0167, U+0167,U+0168->U+0169, U+0169, U+016A->U+016B, U+016B, U+016C->U+016D, U+016D, U+016E->U+016F,U+016F, U+0170->U+0171, U+0171, U+0172->U+0173, U+0173, U+0174->U+0175, U+0175,U+0176->U+0177, U+0177, U+0178->U+00FF, U+00FF, U+0179->U+017A, U+017A, U+017B->U+017C,U+017C, U+017D->U+017E, U+017E, U+0410..U+042F->U+0430..U+044F, U+0430..U+044F,U+05D0..U+05EA, U+0531..U+0556->U+0561..U+0586, U+0561..U+0587, U+0621..U+063A, U+01B9,U+01BF, U+0640..U+064A, U+0660..U+0669, U+066E, U+066F, U+0671..U+06D3, U+06F0..U+06FF,U+0904..U+0939, U+0958..U+095F, U+0960..U+0963, U+0966..U+096F, U+097B..U+097F,U+0985..U+09B9, U+09CE, U+09DC..U+09E3, U+09E6..U+09EF, U+0A05..U+0A39, U+0A59..U+0A5E,U+0A66..U+0A6F, U+0A85..U+0AB9, U+0AE0..U+0AE3, U+0AE6..U+0AEF, U+0B05..U+0B39,U+0B5C..U+0B61, U+0B66..U+0B6F, U+0B71, U+0B85..U+0BB9, U+0BE6..U+0BF2, U+0C05..U+0C39,U+0C66..U+0C6F, U+0C85..U+0CB9, U+0CDE..U+0CE3, U+0CE6..U+0CEF, U+0D05..U+0D39, U+0D60,U+0D61, U+0D66..U+0D6F, U+0D85..U+0DC6, U+1900..U+1938, U+1946..U+194F, U+A800..U+A805,U+A807..U+A822, U+0386->U+03B1, U+03AC->U+03B1, U+0388->U+03B5, U+03AD->U+03B5,U+0389->U+03B7, U+03AE->U+03B7, U+038A->U+03B9, U+0390->U+03B9, U+03AA->U+03B9,U+03AF->U+03B9, U+03CA->U+03B9, U+038C->U+03BF, U+03CC->U+03BF, U+038E->U+03C5,U+03AB->U+03C5, U+03B0->U+03C5, U+03CB->U+03C5, U+03CD->U+03C5, U+038F->U+03C9,U+03CE->U+03C9, U+03C2->U+03C3, U+0391..U+03A1->U+03B1..U+03C1,U+03A3..U+03A9->U+03C3..U+03C9, U+03B1..U+03C1, U+03C3..U+03C9, U+0E01..U+0E2E,U+0E30..U+0E3A, U+0E40..U+0E45, U+0E47, U+0E50..U+0E59, U+A000..U+A48F, U+4E00..U+9FBF,U+3400..U+4DBF, U+20000..U+2A6DF, U+F900..U+FAFF, U+2F800..U+2FA1F, U+2E80..U+2EFF,U+2F00..U+2FDF, U+3100..U+312F, U+31A0..U+31BF, U+3040..U+309F, U+30A0..U+30FF,U+31F0..U+31FF, U+AC00..U+D7AF, U+1100..U+11FF, U+3130..U+318F, U+A000..U+A48F,U+A490..U+A4CF
	ngram_len             = 1 
	ngram_chars           = U+4E00..U+9FBF, U+3400..U+4DBF, U+20000..U+2A6DF, U+F900..U+FAFF,U+2F800..U+2FA1F, U+2E80..U+2EFF, U+2F00..U+2FDF, U+3100..U+312F, U+31A0..U+31BF,U+3040..U+309F, U+30A0..U+30FF, U+31F0..U+31FF, U+AC00..U+D7AF, U+1100..U+11FF,U+3130..U+318F, U+A000..U+A48F, U+A490..U+A4CF
}

index document_delta : document
{
	source			= document_delta
	path			= /dev/shm/sphinx/var/data/document
}

indexer
{
    mem_limit               = 64M
    # max_iops              = 40
    # max_iosize            = 1048576
}

searchd
{
	listen                  = 127.0.0.1:3312
	log                     = /usr/local/sphinx/var/log/searchd.log
	query_log               = /usr/local/sphinx/var/log/query.log
	read_timeout            = 5
	client_timeout          = 300
	max_children            = 50
	pid_file                = /var/run/searchd.pid
	max_matches             = 320000
	seamless_rotate         = 1
	preopen_indexes         = 1
	unlink_old              = 1

	mva_updates_pool        = 1M
	max_packet_size         = 8M

	max_filters             = 256
	max_filter_values       = 4096
}
  2. 初始化sphinx.conf中配置的全部索引 
    $ /usr/local/sphinx/bin/indexer --all

    如果searchd处于运行状态，则执行

    $ /usr/local/sphinx/bin/indexer --all --rotate

创建shell脚本，一个用来创建主索引、一个用来创建增量索引

  1. 主索引更新脚本并赋予可执行权限 
    $ vim /usr/local/sphinx/bin/build_main_index.sh
#!/bin/sh
/usr/local/sphinx/bin/indexer --rotate document
chmod +x /usr/local/sphinx/bin/build_main_index.sh

    每天凌晨定时重建主索引

    crontab -e
#每天凌晨4点19分重建一次搜索引擎的主索引
19 4 * * * /bin/sh /usr/local/sphinx/bin/build_main_index.sh
  2. 增量索引更新脚本并赋予可执行权限 
    $ vim /usr/local/sphinx/bin/build_delta_index.sh
#!/bin/sh
/usr/local/sphinx/bin/indexer --rotate document_delta
chmod +x /usr/local/sphinx/bin/build_delta_index.sh

    每3分钟自动重建一次搜索引擎的增量索引

    crontab -e
#每3分钟自动重建一次搜索引擎的增量索引
0-57/3 * * * * /bin/sh /usr/local/sphinx/bin/build_delta_index.sh
  3. 启动Sphinx守护进程（searchd） 
    $ /usr/local/sphinx/bin/searchd

    配置服务器开机启动时需要自动执行的命令

    $ vim /etc/rc.local
mkdir -p /dev/shm/sphinx/var/data/document
/bin/sh /usr/local/sphinx/bin/build_delta_index.sh  2>&1 > /dev/null
/usr/local/sphinx/bin/searchd

安装scws

  1. 下载编译并安装 
    $ wget http://www.xunsearch.com/scws/down/scws-1.2.2.tar.bz2
$ tar xf scws-1.2.2.tar.bz2
$ cd scws-1.2.2
$ ./configure
$ make
$ make install
$ cp -R etc /etc/scws
  2. 下载词库并移动到SCWS配置 
    $ wget http://www.xunsearch.com/scws/down/scws-dict-chs-utf8.tar.bz2
$ tar xf scws-dict-chs-utf8.tar.bz2
$ mv dict.utf8.xdb /etc/scws
  3. 安装httpscws系统 
    $ git clone https://github.com/ivanszl/httpscws.git httpscws
$ cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/httpscws
$ make
$ make install
  4. 编写httpscws启动脚本 
    $ vim /etc/init.d/httpscws

#!/bin/bash
# HTTPSCWS Startup script for the SCWS HTTP Server
# this script create it by ivan at 2016.01.14.
#
# chkconfig: - 95 15
# description: HTTPSCWS is an Chinese Word Segmentation System Based on the HTTP protocol.
# processname: httpscws
# pidfile: /var/run/httpscws.pid
# config: /etc/scws/

httpscws=/usr/local/httpscws/bin/httpscws
httpscws_config=/etc/scws/
pid=/var/run/httpscws.pid

RETVAL=0
prog="httpscws"

# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network

# Check that networking is up.
[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0
[ -x $httpscws ] || exit 0

# Start searchd daemons functions.
start(){
	if [ -e $pid ]; then
		echo "$prog already running..."
		exit 1
	fi
	echo -n $"Starting $prog:"
	daemon $httpscws -l 127.0.0.1 -d -i ${pid} -x ${httpscws_config}
	RETVAL=$?
	echo
	[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/httpscws
	return $RETVAL
}

# Stop searchd daemons functions.
stop(){
	echo -n $"Stopping $prog:"
	killproc $httpscws
	RETVAL=$?
	echo
	[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/httpscws $pid
}

# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
	start)
		start
		;;
	stop)
		stop
		;;
	restart)
		stop
		start
		;;
	status)
		status $prog
		RETVAL=$?
		;;
	*)
		echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|status|help}"
		exit 1
	esac
exit $RETVAL
$ chmod +x /etc/init.d/httpscws
$ chkconfig --add httpscws
$ chkconfig httpscws on
$ service httpscws start
  5. PHP测试代码 
    <?php
$q = urlencode($q);
$result = file_get_contents("http://127.0.0.1:1985/?w=" . $q);
$result = trim($result);
require_once 'sphinxapi.php';
$sc = new SphinxClient();
$sc->SetServer('127.0.0.1',3312);
$sc->SetMatchMode(SPH_MATCH_ALL);
$sc->SetArrayResult(TRUE);
$res = $sc->Query($words);
var_dump($res);

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